Bitumen is a very viscous liquid or a solid, consisting essentially of hydrocarbons and their derivatives, which are soluble in carbon disulphide. It is substantially non-volatile and softens gradually when heated. It possesses waterproofing and adhesive properties. It is obtained from native asphalt or by processing the residue from the refining of naturally occurring crude petroleum. Hot molten bitumen is designated both a hazardous substance and a dangerous good.

The following principles shall be observed:

• 1.Only persons trained in it use can work with hot bitumen.
• 2.Avoid direct skin contact.
• 3. Do not eat, drink or smoke while handling.
• 4. Do not allow water to contact the material.
• 5. Wear the appropriate PPE for the task.
• 6. Be aware of the location of all emergency equipment - Fire extinguishers/shut off buttons/cut off valves etc.
• 7. Water for first aid use should be available near sites using bitumen.

First Aid Bitumen burns should be cooled for at least 15 minutes, first with cool water to reduce pain, then with warm water to prevent hypothermia if the burned surface is larger than the size of a hand. Skin contact – cool affected area with running water and cold wet towels – do not remove adherent bitumen from injured person – remove excess clothing and boots to assist with cooling without disturbing adherent bitumen – treat shock symptoms.

Flush burns to the eyes immediately with running water for at least 5 minutes. No attempt should be made to remove the bitumen by unqualified personnel. The patient should be referred urgently to an ophthalmologist or hospital with an ophthalmology unit for diagnosis and appropriate treatment.